Section 18: The Highest Organs of State Power and Leadership of the Union Republic

Article 149
(1) The highest organ of state power of the Union Republic is the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic.

(2) The Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic is authorized to decide on all matters that fall within the competence of the Union Republic according to the Constitution of the UCSR
and the Constitution of the Union Republic. The adoption of the Constitution of the Union Republic, constitutional amendments, confirmation of state plans for economic and social development,
the state budget of the Union Republic, and areas of implementation are exclusively carried out by the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic.

Article 150
(1) The Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic elects the Presidium of the Union Republic - the continuously operating organ of the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic,
accountable to it and the population of the Union Republic for its entire activity.

(2) The composition and powers of the Presidium of the Union Republic are determined in the Constitution of the Union Republic.

Article 151
(1) The Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic forms the Council of Ministers of the Union Republic - the government of the Union Republic -
as the highest executive and administrative organ of state power of the Union Republic.

(2) The Council of Ministers of the Union Republic is accountable and responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic,
and between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union Republic.

Article 152
The Council of Ministers of the Union Republic issues regulations and directives based on and in implementation of the laws of the UCSR and the Union Republic,
the regulations and directives of the Council of Ministers of the UCSR and the Prime Minister of the UCSR. It organizes and controls their implementation.

Article 153
The Council of Ministers of the Union Republic has the right to suspend regulations and directives of the Council of Ministers of the autonomous republics
and to annul decisions and directives of the Executive Committees of Soviets in the regions, territories, and cities (cities under the jurisdiction of the republic)
and in the executive committees of the corresponding city Soviets in the Union Republics without territorial division.

Article 154
(1) The Council of Ministers of the Union Republic unites and directs the work of the Union Republic Ministries and the Republic Ministries, the State Committees of the Union Republic, as well as other subordinate bodies.

(2) The Union Republic Ministries and the State Committees of the Union Republic oversee the branches assigned to them and implement cross-sectoral leadership,
being subordinate both to the Council of Ministers of the Union Republic and to the corresponding Union Republic Ministry of the UCSR or a State Committee of the UCSR.

Section 19: The Highest Organs of State Power and Leadership of the Autonomous Republics

Article 155
(1) The highest organ of state power of the autonomous republic is the Supreme Soviet of the autonomous republic.

(2) The adoption of the Constitution of the autonomous republic and making changes, confirming state plans for economic and social development as well as the state budget of the autonomous republic,
and forming the organs accountable to it are exclusively carried out by the Supreme Soviet of the autonomous republic.

(3) Laws of the autonomous republic are adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the autonomous republic.

Article 156
The Supreme Soviet of the autonomous republic forms the Council of Ministers of the autonomous republic - the government of the autonomous republic -
as the highest executive and administrative organ of state authority of the autonomous republic.

Section 20: Local Organs of State Power and Leadership

Article 157
(1) The organs of state power in districts, communes, localities, sections, cities, city districts, settlements, and rural localities are the corresponding Soviets of People's Deputies and Soviets of Workers and Producers.

(2) In the system of local self-government, apart from the local Soviets of People's Deputies, in accordance with the legislation of the republics,
organs of territorial social self-government, citizen assemblies, and other forms of direct democracy can operate, provided that their area of interest is not already covered by a Soviet of Workers and Producers.

Article 158
(1) The local Soviets of People's Deputies decide on all matters of local importance, taking into account both the nationwide interests and the interests of the citizens of their territory.
They implement the decisions of superior state bodies, lead the activities of subordinate Soviets of People's Deputies,
participate in the deliberation of matters of republic and union significance, and submit their proposals on these matters.

(2) The local Soviets of People's Deputies oversee the state, economic, social, and cultural development in their territory; they confirm plans for economic and social development as well as the local budget;
they manage the activities of the state organs, enterprises, institutions, and organizations subordinate to them; they ensure compliance with the laws, the protection of state and public order, and citizens' rights;
they contribute to strengthening the country's defence capabilities.

Article 158a
(1) The local Soviets of Workers and Producers function as laid out in Chapter 4 Section 13 and the laws of the USSR.

(2) The local Soviets of Workers and Producers decide on all matters of local importance, based on the interests of their represented group and the interests of all citizens of their territory.
They implement the decisions of superior state bodies, lead the activities of subordinate Soviets of their group, participate in the deliberation of matters of republic and union significance,
and submit their proposals on these matters.

(3) The local Soviets of Workers and Producers lead the economic, social, and cultural development originating from the people in their territory.

Article 159
Within their jurisdiction, the local Soviets ensure comprehensive economic and social development in their territory, control compliance with the legislation by the enterprises, institutions,
and organizations on their territory; they coordinate and control their activities regarding land use, environmental protection, construction, use of labour capacity,
production of consumer goods, social and cultural care, services, and other services for the population.

Article 160
(1) The local Soviets make decisions within the powers transferred to them by the laws of the UCSR, the Union republics, and autonomous republics.

(2) The decisions of the local Soviets are binding on all affected enterprises, institutions, and organizations, as well as on all affected officials and citizens on the territory of the Soviet.

Article 161
(1) The executive and administrative organs of the local Soviets are the Executive Committees and other bodies elected from their deputies.

(2) The executive and administrative organs of the local Soviets provide accountability at least once a year to the Soviets that elected them, as well as at meetings of work collectives and at the residences of citizens.

Article 162
The Executive Committees of the local Soviets are directly accountable both to the Soviet that elected them and to the higher executive and administrative organ.

Chapter 7: Jurisdiction and Prosecutorial Supervision

Section 21: The Courts

Article 163
(1) Jurisdiction in the UCSR is exercised by the court.

(2) In the UCSR, the Supreme Court of the UCSR, the Supreme Courts of the Union Republics, the Supreme Courts of the Autonomous Republics, the District,
Communal, and City Courts, the City People's Courts, as well as Military Tribunals in the armed forces, are active.

Article 164
(1) All courts in the UCSR are formed on the basis of the eligibility of judges and people's assessors, except for judges of Military Tribunals.

(2) People's judges of the City People's Courts are elected by the citizens of the city based on universal, equal, and direct suffrage in secret ballot for five years.

(3) People's assessors of the City People's Courts are elected in open voting for a duration of two and a half years during citizens' assemblies at their workplaces or places of residence.

(4) Superior courts are elected by the respective Soviets of People's Deputies for five years.

(5) Judges of Military Tribunals are appointed by the Presidium of the UCSR for five years, and people's assessors are elected by assemblies of military personnel for two and a half years.

(6) Judges and people's assessors are accountable to the voters or the bodies that elected them, report to them, and can be recalled from their positions in accordance with the legal procedure.

(7) Judges of the Supreme Court of the UCSR, the Supreme Courts of the Union Republics, and the Autonomous Republics are elected by the respective Supreme Soviet of the UCSR,
the Supreme Soviets of the Union Republics, and the Autonomous Republics.

(8) Judges and people's assessors are accountable to the bodies or voters that elected them, report to them, and can be recalled by them in the manner established by law.

Article 165
(1) The Supreme Court of the UCSR is the highest judicial authority in the UCSR. It exercises supervision over the judicial activities of all courts in the UCSR,
as well as the courts of the Union Republics within the framework established by law.

(2) The Supreme Court consists of the Chairman, Vice-Chairmen, members, and people's assessors.
The Chairmen of the Supreme Courts of the Union Republics are ex officio members of the Supreme Court of the UCSR.

(3) The organization and functioning of the Supreme Court of the UCSR are determined by the law on the Supreme Court of the UCSR.

Article 166
Proceedings in civil and criminal cases are conducted by a panel in all cases and in the first instance with the participation of people's assessors.
People's assessors have in judicial proceedings all the rights and duties of judges.

Article 167
(1) Judges and people's assessors are independent and subject only to the law.

(2) Judges and people's assessors are guaranteed the conditions for the unhindered and effective exercise of their rights and duties.

(3) Any interference in the activities of judges and people's assessors in the exercise of jurisdiction is prohibited and entails liability in accordance with the law.

(4) The inviolability of judges and people's assessors, as well as other guarantees of their independence, are established by the law on the status of judges in the UCSR
and by other legislative acts of the UCSR and the Union Republics.

Article 168
Jurisdiction in the UCSR is based on the equality of citizens before the law and the court.

Article 169
(1) Hearings in all courts of the UCSR are public.

(2) Court proceedings held behind closed doors are only permissible in cases defined by law and under strict observance of all rules of procedure.

Article 170
The accused has the right to defence.

Article 171
(1) Court proceedings are conducted in the language of the Union Republic or the Autonomous Republic or in the language of the majority of the population of the respective administrative unit.

(2) Individuals who do not understand the language used in the court proceedings are guaranteed full access to the case materials,
participation in the court hearing through an interpreter, and the right to use their native language in court.

Article 172
No one can be found guilty of a crime and subjected to criminal liability except on the basis of a court judgment and in accordance with the law.

Article 173
(1) Collegiums of legal counsels exist to provide legal assistance to citizens and organizations.

(2) In cases provided for by law, citizens are entitled to free legal assistance.

(3) The organization and functioning of the legal profession are regulated by the legislation of the UCSR and the Union Republics.

Article 174
In civil and criminal proceedings, the participation of representatives of social organizations and work collectives is permitted.

Article 175
(1) The decision on economic disputes in the UCSR lies with the Supreme Arbitration Court of the UCSR and the bodies created in the Republics in accordance with their laws to decide on economic disputes.

(2) Interference by any organs, organizations, and officials in the activities of judges regarding dispute resolution is not permitted.

(3) The organization and procedural rules of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the UCSR are determined by a law of the UCSR.

Section 22: The Attorney General

Article 176
The supervision of the precise and uniform implementation of the laws of the UCSR by all ministries and other organs of state administration, enterprises,
institutions, organizations, local Soviets of People's Deputies, their executive and administrative bodies, political parties, social organizations,
mass movements, officials, and citizens is the responsibility of the General Prosecutor of the UCSR, the attorney generals of the Union Republics,
and the prosecutors subordinate to them.

Article 177
The Attorney General of the UCSR is appointed by the Supreme Court of the UCSR and is accountable and answerable to it.

Article 178
(1) The Attorney General of the Union Republics and Autonomous Republics are appointed by the Supreme Courts of the Republics in consultation with the Attorney General of the UCSR and are accountable to them.

(2) In their supervision of the implementation of the laws of the UCSR, the prosecutors of the Republics are also subordinate to the Attorney General of the UCSR.

Article 179
The powers of the Attorney General of the UCSR and all subordinate positions are valid for five years.

Article 180
(1) The organs of the prosecutor's office exercise their powers independently of any local bodies and are only subject to the Attorney General of the UCSR.

(2) The organization and functioning of the prosecutor's office are regulated by the law on the prosecutor's office.

Chapter 8: Coat of Arms, Flag, Anthem, and Capital of the
Union of Communist Democratic Soviet Republics of the Free People of Yuwodeyun

Article 181
(1) The state coat of arms of the Union of Communist Democratic Soviet Republics of the Free People of Yuwodeyun consists of a hammer and compass surrounded by a wreath of rye,
which is encircled at the bottom by a black-red-black ribbon.

(2) Alternatively, the coat of arms described in (1) is also surrounded by a laurel wreath.

(3) The coat of arms described in (1) is referred to as the "ancestral-coat-of-arms," while the coat of arms described in (2) is called the "centennial-coat-of-arms."

Article 182
(1) The union flag of the Union of Communist Democratic Soviet Republics of the Free People of Yuwodeyun consists of the colors black-red-black and bears the state coat of arms in the middle on both sides.
The ratio of the height to the length of the flag is 3 to 5.

(2) The union state flag has the same flag ratio as the union flag. Its stripes have the colors black (#000000) - wine red (#800022) - black (#000000).
It bears the centennial-coat-of-arms in the middle on both sides, which touches all color stripes in terms of size and is framed by the red stripe.

(3) Other official flags of the UCSR are regulated in the Flag Law.

Article 183
(1) The union state flag is flown at all locations of the Union and state authorities, as well as at official state events, on official vehicles (during official trips),
watercraft in the public service of the Union, and Union office buildings.

(2) Civilians are prohibited by law from using the union state flag or a flag imitating it.

Article 184
The state anthem of the Union of Communist Democratic Soviet Republics of the Free People of Yuwodeyun is confirmed by the Supreme Soviet of the UCSR.

Article 185
(1) The capital of the Union of Communist Democratic Soviet Republics of the Free People of Yuwodeyun is Toasete-Zhetjete.

(2) Toasete-Zhetjete has the status of a special district and is directly subordinate to the Union, not to any Union republic, but it carries the rights and obligations of a Union republic.

Chapter 9: Jurisdiction and Prosecutorial Supervision

Article 186
The Constitution of the UCSR possesses the highest legal force. All laws and other acts of state organs are adopted on the basis of and in accordance with the Constitution of the UCSR.

Article 187
An amendment to the Constitution of the UCSR is made by a decision of the Supreme Soviet of the UCSR, which is adopted by a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of delegates in each of its chambers.