The East PacificBoard

Article 2. Slavery is forbidden in the HF. Slaves who enter national
territory from abroad shall, by this act alone, recover their freedom and enjoy the
protection afforded by the laws.

Article 3.
(1) The education imparted by the Federal State shall be designed to develop
harmoniously all the faculties of the human being and shall foster in them at the same time
a love of country and a consciousness of international solidarity, in independence and
justice.

I. Freedom of religious beliefs being guaranteed by Article 24, the standard which
shall guide such education shall be maintained entirely apart from any religious
doctrine and, based on the results of scientific progress, shall strive against
ignorance and its effects. Moreover:

a. It shall be democratic, considering democracy not only as a legal structure
and a political regimen, but as a system of life founded on a constant
economic, social, and cultural betterment of the people;
b. It shall be national insofar as -- without hostility or exclusiveness -it shall
achieve the understanding of our problems, the utilization of our resources,
the defense of our political independence, the assurance of our economic
independence, and the continuity and growth of our culture; and
c. It shall contribute to better human relationships, not only with the elements
which it contributes toward strengthening and at the same time inculcating,
together with respect for the dignity of the person and the integrity of the
family, the conviction of the general interest of society, but also by the care
which it devotes to the ideals of brotherhood and equality of rights of all
men, avoiding privileges of race, creed, class, sex, or persons.

II. Private persons may engage in education of all kinds and grades. But as regards
elementary, secondary, and normal education (and that of any kind or grade
designed for laborers and farm workers) they must previously obtain, in every case,
the express authorization of the public power. Such authorization may be refused
or revoked by decisions against which there can be no judicial proceedings or
recourse.

III. Private institutions devoted to education of the kinds and grades specified in the
preceding section must be without exception in conformity with the provisions of
sections I and II of the first paragraph of this article and must also be in harmony
with official plans and programs.

IV. Religious corporations, ministers of religion, stock companies which exclusively or
predominantly engage in educational activities, and associations or companies
devoted to propagation of any religious creed shall not in any way participate in
institutions giving elementary, secondary and normal education and education for
laborers or field workers.

V. The State may in its discretion withdraw at any time the recognition of official
validity of studies conducted in private institutions.
VI. Elementary education shall be compulsory.

VII. All education given by the State shall be free.

VIII. The Congress of the Union, with a view to unifying and coordinating education
throughout the Republic, shall issue the necessary laws for dividing the social
function of education among the Federation, the States and the Municipalities, for
fixing the appropriate financial allocations for this public service and for establishing
the penalties applicable to officials who do not comply with or enforce the pertinent
provisions, as well as the penalties applicable to all those who infringe such
provisions.

Article 4. No person can be prevented from engaging in the profession, industrial or
commercial pursuit, or occupation of his/her choice, provided it is lawful. The exercise of this
liberty shall only be forbidden by judicial order when the rights of third parties are infringed,
or by administrative order, issued in the manner provided by law, when the rights of
society are violated. No one may be deprived of the fruits of his/her labor except by judicial
decision.
The law in each state shall determine the professions which may be practiced only
with a degree, and set forth the requirements for obtaining it and the authorities
empowered to issue it.

Article 5.
(2) No one can be compelled to render personal services without due
remuneration and without his full consent, excepting labor imposed as a penalty by the
judiciary, which shall be governed by the provisions of clauses I and II of Article 123.
Only the following public services shall be obligatory, subject to the conditions set
forth in the respective laws: military service and jury service as well as the discharge of the
office of municipal councilman and offices of direct or indirect popular election. Duties in
relation to elections and the census shall be compulsory and unpaid. Professional services
of a social character shall be compulsory and paid according to the provisions of law and
with the exceptions fixed thereby.

The State cannot permit the execution of any contract, covenant, or agreement
having for its object the restriction, loss or irrevocable sacrifice of the liberty of man or woman,
whether for work, education, or religious vows. The law, therefore, does not permit the
establishment of monastic orders, whatever be their denomination or purpose.
Likewise no person can legally agree to his/her own proscription or exile, or to the
temporary or permanent renunciation of the exercise of a given profession or industrial or
commercial pursuit.

A labor contract shall be binding only to render the services agreed on for
the time set by law and may never exceed one year to the detriment of the
worker, and in no case may it embrace the waiver, loss, or restriction of any
civil or political right. Non-compliance with such contract by the worker shall
only render him civilly liable for damages, but in no case shall it imply coercion against his person.

Article 6. The expression of ideas shall not be subject to any judicial or
administrative investigation, unless it offends good morals, infringes
the rights of others, incites to crime, or disturbs the public order.

Article 7. Freedom of writing and publishing writings on any subject is inviolable.
No law or authority may establish censorship, require bonds from authors
or printers, or restrict the freedom of printing, which shall be limited only by the respect
due to private life, morals, and public peace. Under no circumstances may a printing press
be sequestrated as the instrument of the offense. The organic laws shall contain whatever
provisions may be necessary to prevent the imprisonment of the vendors, newsboys,
workmen, and other employees of the establishment publishing the work denounced,
under pretext of a denunciation of offenses of the press, unless their guilt is previously established.

Article 8. Public officials and employees shall respect the exercise of the right of
petition, provided it is made in writing and in a peaceful and respectful manner;
but this right may only be exercised in political matters by citizens of the Republic.
Every petition shall be replied to in writing by the official to whom it is addressed, and
said official is bound to inform the petitioner of the decision taken within a brief period.

Article 9. The right to assemble or associate peaceably for any lawful purpose cannot
be restricted; but only citizens of the Republic may do so to take part in the political affairs
of the country. No armed deliberative meeting is authorized. No meeting or assembly shall
be deemed unlawful which has for its object the petitioning of any authority or the presentation
of a protest against any act; nor may it be dissolved, unless insults be proffered against said
authority or violence is resorted to, or threats are used to intimidate or compel such authority
to render a favorable decision.

Article 10. The inhabitants of the Hispanic Federation are entitled to have arms of any kind in
their possession for their protection and legitimate defense, except such as are expressly forbidden
by law, or which the nation may reserve for the exclusive use of the army, navy, or national guard;
but they may not carry arms within inhabited places without complying with police regulations.

Article 11. Everyone has the right to enter and leave the Republic, to travel through its territory
and to change his residence without necessity of a letter of security, passport, safe-conduct or
any other similar requirement. The exercise of this right shall be subordinated to the powers of
the judiciary, in cases of civil or criminal liability, and to those of the administrative authorities
insofar as concerns the limitations imposed by the laws regarding emigration, immigration and
public health of the country, or in regard to undesirable aliens resident in the country.